Ethical Dilemmas What Should Jean Do Essay - 1551 Words

Ethical Dilemmas: What should Jean do? Jean McGuire works as a salesperson of land property in Sunrise Land Developers. Jean’s superior Wright Boazman, the sales director, described the importance and efficiency of using â€Å"deal-closing techniques†. This technique is usually used to motivate the prospect into buying the lot, because often people really want to buy a lot but hesitate at the last few minutes of signing agreements. Wright introduced the most effective closing technology termed â€Å"the other party† to salespersons in the company. As Wright explained it, when a salesperson has a prospect actually want to buy a lot, but the prospect was too slow to buy it, the salesperson’s job at the moment was to push the prospect to make purchase decision as soon as possible. The method was that the salesperson would let the prospect know a number of other salespeople were showing the lot at the same time, the lot have attracted plenty of potential customers to come visit, and it might be alr eady sold. Of cause, the salesperson was a liar, and the process of ensuring the prospect to believe was all false play. Jean did not want to cheat her prospects, as a result, her sales performance was far behind her colleagues who used the â€Å"deal-closing techniques†. The situation is made more serious by her austere life pressure if Jean does not follow Wright’s hypocritical technology. This essay states a clear analysis of ethical dilemma that Jean is facing and two ethical theories: Kant’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Mcguire s Closing The Deal Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors play a huge part in decisions made everyday. In the case study â€Å"Closing the Deal†, Jean McGuire is faced with an ethical dilemma, there are a number of ways this ethical dilemma can be resolved however not all options include ethical morals. Jean McGuire works for Sunrise Land Developers selling lots. Wright Boazman the sales director at the company states Jean â€Å"lacks technique† (Shaw, 2014, p. 236). Jean McGuire has a decision to make on which sales technique she is going to use, Wright usesRead MoreLegal And Social Environment Of Business Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pages Danielle Flatman 14203354 115.103 Legal and Social Environment of Business Assignment One: Ethical Dilemmas Due Date: Monday 18th August @ 6.00pm Paper Coordinator: Number of Words Used: Jean McGuire works as a land salesperson for a real estate company called Sunrise Land Developers who specialise in selling lots to prospective clients. Her clients require her to represent the lots in an accurate light. The company’s sales director Wright Boazman demonstratedRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Jean Mcguire Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesJean McGuire has worked as a land salesperson for Sunrise Land Developers for the past six months. Upon starting she was advised by her superior to use techniques on prospects that rely on psychological manipulation to close the deal. The techniques deceive the prospect about the availability of the lot and put them in a now or never position. Jean objected to the use of such devices and as a result her sales have fallen well below those of her co-workers’. Unsure what to do and worried about losingRead MoreJean Mcguire, A Land Salesperson For The Company Sunrise Land Developers Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesJean McGuire works as a land salesperson for the company Sunrise Land Developers. Six months into the job, Jean has lost more than made sales for the company and is thinking about using the sales technique described by her boss. Other sales representative’s use it and have proven to be a success, however, it involves deceiving clients by giving misleading information, which Jean instinctively objects to. The technique is to make the interested client think that someone else is also interested inRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Jean s Ethical Dilemma Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesChristopher Wells Student ID: 10122074 Word Count: xxxx Jean McGuire works as a sales representative for Sunrise Land Developers selling land to potential customers (hot prospects). Jean’s role as a land salesperson is to help the prospect make a decision to buy the property. When she is told by the Sales Director Wright Boazman to use a variety of effective â€Å"deal-closing techniques†, Jean realises such techniques are nothing more than a form of psychological manipulationRead More1.1.Objective Evaluation Of All Available Options. According1626 Words   |  7 Pagesbears testimony to the fact that time and again large-scale disasters happened due to the lack of ethical standards of some leaders or the other. We come to know from his research that there are two approaches to handle ‘ethical dilemma’: 1) before deciding on the course of action, assess the practical consequences likely to follow and 2) whatever be the likely consequences, do what you consider ethical. The first school of thought argues that if there is no harm, there is no foul. The second claimsRead MoreRelationship Between Facts And Theories Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmorals and moral dilemmas. There are three ethical theories pertaining to judging a person’s actions: virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and teleological ethics. We can approach a moral dilemma using each theory. Consider the moral dilemma of Jean Valjean, from Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables: Years after committing a crime, Jean Valjean has recreated himself in a town as a public benefactor and mayor. One day, another man is arrested for a petty crime and identified as Jean. At first, Jean believes thatRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma1276 Words   |  6 Pages| An Ethical Dilemma | | Mary Ryan 8/27/2012 | Ethical dilemmas come up often within the workplace and can be difficult to handle when an employee needs to choose between what’s right and what’s wrong based on their own morals and principals. Handling ethical issues should be pursued in a steady and cautious approach towards matters that can potentially be dangerous or illegal. (Mayhew) One ethical dilemma that I was caught in the middle of left me in a position where I was almostRead MoreCritical Review On Moral Reasoning3548 Words   |  15 Pagesfinancial scandals, there has been an increased attention given to ethics and moral reasoning and increasing chuck of literature devoted to the topic of moral reasoning. Definition In making and implementing decisions, one puts widely accepted ethical principles, vocation, values, character and spiritual resources, into practice, highlighting its’ importance in an individual’s life. Ethics is a widely researched area, with research being focused on different subsections of ethics. According toRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Sexual Appeal in Advertising Essay2621 Words   |  11 PagesJustin D. Clegg Comms 300 Media Law M. Driessen The Ethical Dilemma of Sexual Appeal in Advertising The old adage â€Å"sex-sells† is an assumption that has caused an ethical dilemma in a fast moving world filled with media consumers and advertising. The use of sexual appeal in advertising has increased dramatically in the United States within the last decade. Its misuse and pervasiveness surround us every day and elicit powerful emotions by individuals of all ages, both male and female.

Analysis of Research on Caffeines Effects on Mood...

1. A) What general topic is the author addressing? The author is addressing whether caffeine can have an affect on mood dimensions of arousal versus a subject feeling pleasant. The author also addresses whether these arousals will influence memory in either of two ways. First, arousal through learning, and second through altered mood states through learning and recall (Herz,1999). B) What have other researchers already discovered about this topic? Other researchers have found that caffeine is one of the most psychoactive substances consumed (Gilbert, 1984). Several studies have showed significant findings in which caffeine can affect effects in mood including increasing rates of happiness, well being, calmness, and alertness (Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos, Roehrs, Lipschutz, Timms, Roth, 1990). It has also been shown though research that caffeine can elicit anger, anxiety, and nervousness depending on the dose given to participants. Low doses are more likely to increase feelings of happiness, and positive thoughts, while higher doses can elicit anxiety and nervousness. Alcohol has also been researched with its affect on memory. Participants whom had consumed alcohol were more likely to recall more words in a memory test rather than when they were not intoxicated. Through this research it has been argued that drugs achieve their affects on memory by the effects of a pa rticipants mood (Bower, 1981). C) How does the current study follow from previous research? What is new about

Emerson Drive - Countrified free essay sample

As the song says â€Å"everybody needs some†, Emerson Drive. Their newest C.D â€Å"Countrified† is a great C.D with awesome songs. This is the best C.D I have heard by them. The Emerson Drive C.D â€Å"Countrified† has eleven songs, most of which are upbeat and fast. Three songs are two of their new ones on the radio, â€Å"Moments†, and â€Å"You Still Own Me†. It also include their version of â€Å"Devil Went Down to Georgia†, originally by Charly Daniels. Comparing it to most country music, this is highly original. It is more modern then most country and generally upbeat. As I state this , an example is break-up songs. On this C.D there is a fast pace, up beat, break-up song, called â€Å"Painted to Much of This Town†, and compared to things like Racal Flatts â€Å"What Hurts the Most† this is extremely upbeat. One of my favorite songs on this C. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerson Drive Countrified or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D, is track one, â€Å"A Good Man†. This song is about what a guy wants, his dream, as it says â€Å"My dreams arent that complicated. I wanna be the one when all is said and done, who lived a good life loved a good wife and always helped some one in trouble. On the day they lay me down, I want everyone to gather round and say he was a father, brother, neighbor, and a friend. He was a good man.† This is a very positive, upbeat, fast song and compared to most country music this is very unique. â€Å"You Still Own Me†, is the newest song on the radio, and track five on this C.D. This song is an upbeat, fast, love song which is strange because most love songs in country music are very slow, such as Trisha Yearwoods â€Å"Thinkin About You†. This is a change which makes the song very good. This is about a guy saying no matter where he goes or what he does the girl still owns all of his love, like it says â€Å"I can go were I wanna go, do what I wanna do, say what I wanna say, but baby, you still own me.† My least favorite song is â€Å"Countrified Soul†. I dont like the words to this song and it gets very annoying. It is an upbeat song with random word choice, for example one part of the chorus is â€Å"moonshine, down home party time, liven loose and letting go, and keep my countrified soul†, that I extremely dislike. The only good thing about it is that it is highly original. The last song on the C.D, is Emerson Drives version of â€Å"Devil Went Down to Georgia†. This is a good song, but not when they sing it. They messed with a part when the devil was playing the fiddle. They added piano/ keyboard and made it sound really weird. I wanted to hear it when I read it was there on the back of the case, but after I heard it, it was†¦never again Overall this is a good C.D, but some songs are really annoying. Generally with this C.D if you dont like a song you will absolutely hate it. I recommend this to Emerson Drive fans, country music fans, and actually also Racal Flatts fans. Out of 1-5 stars I give it 41/2.

The Code of Ethics for Engineers

One of the main conditions of the modern society’s successful development is its dependence on the moral principles and canons which are worked out and accepted by the society in order to regulate the character of relations within it. Moral principles belong to the field of ethics which influences all the aspects of the people’s life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Code of Ethics for Engineers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, people are oriented to following the moral norms which are developed to control the elements of their personal life and interpersonal relations, and there are also moral codes and canons which can be successfully used for realizing business activities and business relations. These principles are in the field of the business ethics. Moreover, each profession has its own code of ethics according to which the relations within the definite industry or company are realize d. It is important that the codes of ethics for different professions as the aspects of the people’s life depend on the traditional approaches to moral norms and principles which were argued by such philosophers as Aristotle, Kant, and Bentham. Thus, the canons, rules of practice, and professional obligations for engineers are based on the elements of the ethics developed by these philosophers in the context of the person’s voluntary nature to perform this or that action, with dependence on his or her moral duty for this action, or on discussing this action according to its right or wrong consequences. It is stated in the preamble to the code of ethics for engineers that â€Å"the services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). Thus, the activity of engineers as professionals is oriented to those moral concep ts which are also accentuated as influential ones in the persons’ everyday life. Furthermore, these concepts are also associated with the group of moral virtues such as truthfulness, forgiveness, and integrity which were determined by Aristotle. Shrader-Frechette indicates with references to Aristotle that â€Å"one can deliberate only about what is within one’s power to do† (Shrader-Frechette 187). That is why engineers should focus on their specific responsibilities with paying attention to their code of ethics which regulates the moral aspect of the relations between the employers, employees, partners, and clients.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The code of ethics for engineers is based on a range of the fundamental canons in relation to which the rules of practice and professional obligations are stated. Thus, engineers should â€Å"hold paramount the safety, h ealth, and welfare of the public† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). That is why engineers should orient to the necessities of the public, and one of the engineers’ professional obligations is based on this principle, and it is formulated in such a way that â€Å"engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). In this case, Bentham’s ideas about the benefits of the actions are met, and Kant’s categories of the universal law and the moral duty are realized according to which a person uses his or her will and control the actions in order to address the interests of the society (Birks; Velasquez). These notions are addressed in the context of engineers’ rules of practice in which the main accents are made on the justice, legitimacy, and truthfulness. The mentioned principles are also associated with the canon according to which engineers should â€Å"issue public statements only in an obj ective and truthful manner† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). Thus, objectivity and truthfulness as the representations of Aristotle’s moral virtues become the main aspects of the positive atmosphere of the professional communication. One of the rules of practice for engineers states that they â€Å"shall perform services only in the areas of their competence† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). Why is this rule so significant with references to the ethical canons? A person should be always responsible for his or her actions. The person’s actions should be supported by the sincere desire of realizing the good action and motivation to do it in relation to the highest good to which it is aimed. Thus, Aristotle indicates that there are many goods which depend not only on the virtues and the balance between the extremes but also on the human voluntary nature and the person’s intention to reach the happiness in the life (Curzer).Advertising We w ill write a custom essay sample on The Code of Ethics for Engineers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If Aristotle accentuates the human voluntary nature, Bentham develops this notion and indicates that people in their actions should orient to the benefits which could satisfy a number of persons. That is why these actions should be not only good but also competent. Moreover, the person’s actions should be so good that they could be perceived as addressed to the universal laws and that is why, according to Kant, they should form the categorical imperative. Thus, not to make harm to those people who are involved in the process, engineers should be competent in their actions and be responsible for their performing. Engineers’ professional obligations also include such a point according to which engineers should â€Å"adhere to the principles of sustainable development in order to protect the environment for future generatio ns† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). The problem of the technological sustainability is closely connected with the possible technological risks which can be the results of the industry’s activity. Shrader-Frechette argues the fringe between the advantages of those technologies which are risky and the moral obligation of those persons who are involved in their producing (Shrader-Frechette). If the person’s moral task is to orient to the benefits for the people, is it possible to realize the hazardous technologies which can be harmful for the public and nature? According to the ideas of Utilitarianism, these technologies have both the right and wrong consequences for various people and different aspects of life (Birks). However, according to Kant’s principles such a situation is morally wrong because it is not universally good (Velasquez). To present the universally good actions, a person should not be influenced by any other opinions or visions of this or that issue. From this point, Aristotle emphasizes the necessity of the personal self-control and liberality as one of the influential virtues (Curzer).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To be satisfied and happy without the inclination to experience the impact of the other people’s ideas on the morality, an individual should be independent and should not concentrate on his or her financial state and as a result, betray the moral principles. However, one of the main risks for the person is the orientation to the pleasure which is accentuated as an important concept by Aristotle and Bentham. People can also strive to reach the pleasure with references to immoral or wrong actions. That is why it is mentioned in the list of the engineers’ professional obligations that they â€Å"shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interests† (â€Å"NSPE Code of Ethics†). This obligation is associated with the problem of the person’s moral choice. In spite of the fact the majority of people are inclined to admit the necessity of following the life according to the moral virtues proclaimed by Aristotle and according to th e principles stated by Kant and Bentham, a person always tries to find the most beneficial approach for his or her, and this approach can be based on any bad factors which can lead to the negative consequences. Thus, the origins of the person’s morality and the person’s own code of ethics are in his voluntary nature which forms motivation and in his will and duty. To follow the universal moral laws or live according to the moral virtues are not an easy task, but according to the philosophers, it is a single way to the happy life full of pleasures which is in harmony with the laws of nature. That is why people develop the codes of ethics in relation to which it is possible to regulate the aspects of life in society and also use these principles in the organization of their professional activity. Any company functions as a group of people which are in constant relations, and to guarantee the development of the company with a minimum of negative and conflict situations, i t is necessary to work out the code of ethics according to which the interactions are regulated and controlled. Moreover, many professions have their specific features which should be also reflected in the code. That is why the code of ethics for engineers which depends on the main moral principles is significant for the profession’s development. Works Cited Birks, Thomas Rawson. Modern Utilitarianism; or, the Systems of Paley, Bentham, and Mill Examined and Compared. USA: Nabu Press, 2010. Print. Curzer, Howard. Aristotle and the virtues. USA: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers 2006. Web. www.onlineethics.org/Resources/ethcodes/EnglishCodes/9972.aspx. Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. â€Å"Technology and Ethics†. Philosophy of technology. Eds. Robert Scharff and Val Dusek. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. 187-190. Print. Velasquez, Manuel. â€Å"Moral Reasoning†. The Blackwell Guide to Business Ethics. Ed. Norman E. Bowie. USA: Blackwell, 2002. 102-116. Print. This essay on The Code of Ethics for Engineers was written and submitted by user Arjun Morgan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An experiment to measure the amount of oxygen bubbles given off in different strengths of sodium hydrogen carbonate Essay Example

An experiment to measure the amount of oxygen bubbles given off in different strengths of sodium hydrogen carbonate Essay Example An experiment to measure the amount of oxygen bubbles given off in different strengths of sodium hydrogen carbonate Essay An experiment to measure the amount of oxygen bubbles given off in different strengths of sodium hydrogen carbonate Essay Equipment list* Lamp* Beaker* Boiling tube* Pond weed* Ruler* scissors* Water* Measuring cylinder* Different strengths of NaHCO3* Paper clip* Stop clockPlanIn the experiment I will get a piece of pond weed and cut it to 5cm I will then make sure that the hole is clear and the leaves from that end have been removed so that oxygen bubbles will be able to escape and not get trapped. Once I have done this I will attach a paper clip to the other end to keep the piece of weed in water or the solution. I will then get a beaker and put 200ml of water and into it. After this I would place the boiling tube with 40ml of water and the pond weed into it and turn on the lamp that will be put 20cm away from the beaker and leave for 3minutes so that the weed can get used to the water.Once these 3 minutes are over I will be taking readings on how many bubbles come out of the weed every 30 seconds and I will be taking ten readings. After I have took all these reading I will do the same again. But inst ead of the piece of pond weed being in water in will now be in 0.25% NaHCO3 and I will do the same leave it for 3 minutes so that the weed can get used to the solution and then I will start taking readings. I will take ten readings one every 30 seconds this will take me up to 5 minutes. After this I will do the same for 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% of NaHCO3 during all these experiments I will be using the same piece of pond weed.DiagramPredictionI predict that the more concentration of NaHCO3 I use then the faster the rate of oxygen bubbles that will be given off.Fair TestingIn the experiment I want it to be a fair test so that I can get accurate results so I will be using a measuring cylinder so that I will get the same amount of solution each time. I will be using the same amount of pond weed, as the experiments will run over a number of lessons. I will also want it to be the same temperature so that that will not be able to cause any differences. I will also want the same light intensit y that is why I will be using a ruler to measure the 20cm gapping each time. I will also be leaving it for the same amount of time so that it will all be fair.ResultsA table to show the results from our experimentExperiment one0sec30 sec60 sec90 sec120 sec150 secwater0000110.25%0011220.5%033671011341700.75%0231014170.1%01325293339180 sec210 sec240 sec270 sec300 secAveragewater1133310.25%3345520.5%2032382743073401700.75%1825273343171.0%465156616838Experiment two0sec30 sec60 sec90 sec120 sec150 secwater0234890.25%0681213160.5%002041671080.75%0951802873955031.0%013456180 sec210 sec240 sec270 sec300 secAveragewater111415151590.25%2025313643190.5%2252843403894461750.75%60270781993210405051.0%991112127ConclusionI have come to the conclusion that the higher the concentration of NaHCO3 I use then the faster the rate of oxygen bubbles that will be given off. This is what I said in my prediction.This pattern does not happen when I have had to change my piece of pond weed as the practical ran over a couple of lessons.Looking at my results they back up my prediction as the graph shows the more concentration I use the more oxygen bubbles given off and I am right saying that when I start the experiment in a new lesson the number of bubbles that are given off is less.EvaluationLooking back my method and my results they are pretty accurate. My results are good and I would be happy to use my results to say that the higher the amount of NaHCO3 I use then the faster the rate of oxygen bubbles that will be given off. I can also come to a clear conclusion that when I have had to start with a new piece of pond weed the number of oxygen bubbles has dropped. In my method I could write about why I think that there will be any anomalous results if any.To see if this works in dark we could cut out the lamp so we could do the experiment in dark but it would have to be the same density of darkness otherwise it wouldnt be a fair test.

3 Strategies for Finding a New Job in 2015

3 Strategies for Finding a New Job in 2015 The last noisemaker has been blown, and the final piece of confetti has been cleared away. 2014 is gone, and the year ahead beckons with equal degrees of uncertainty and promise - particularly for job seekers looking to make a change in the new year. Consider these three essential strategies when positioning yourself to find the job of your dreams before 2015 makes its glittering exit. Make the Most of Your â€Å"Passive† SearchAccording to a recent survey, a staggering two-thirds of employed Americans are open to new employment opportunities. Known as passive job seekers, this portion of the population - 110.5 million people, to be exact - represent an increasingly important part of the hiring process.If you’re dragging your feet on putting out feelers because you don’t want to alert your current employer that you’re looking or if you just don’t have time to devote to a full-time job search, the latest websites and mobile apps do the work for yo u. It’s no longer about sending out a bunch of resumes in the hopes that one will end up in the non-shred pile. Instead, it’s about an intuitive process through which your skills and characteristics are matched with the needs of a particular employer. This saves time for both entities, and increases the odds of a successful fit.Be Prepared To Show Them What You’ve GotSkills on a page are one thing, but real-world ability to solve problems and inspire innovation? That’s more difficult to judge. Job hunters entering the market in 2015 should be prepared for human resources professionals who are attempting to look beyond their on-paper qualifications in order to determine how they’ll meaningfully integrate into the workplace.From on-site simulations to phone interview assessments and challenges, these â€Å"tryouts† mimic the responsibilities of a role in order to offer hiring managers a clearer picture of how a candidate’s skill set tra nslates to the real world.By thinking of these tests as an opportunity to show off your skills, you can position yourself to make a positive impression. And these tryouts don’t just benefit the employer: they also give job seekers the chance to vet a potential employer, in return.Use Your NetworkSocial media is here to stay as an increasingly popular means through which job seekers find employment. In fact, a full half of job seekers use social networking when looking for new jobs.But we’re not talking about using Facebook or LinkedIn to bombard your contacts with pleas for employment. Rather, it’s about establishing yourself as a consistent and appealing presence.Consider this: nearly 40 percent of employers screen potential job candidates through social media. Does your social media presence say what you want it to say? If not, now is the time to determine your message and start communicating it through multiple channels. Of course, this means removing any neg ative or unprofessional photos and comments, but it also means the opportunity to nurture your professional relationships.Participating in industry-related groups, job boards, and forums give you even more of a chance to position yourself as a thought leader - a sought after skill set by today’s forward-thinking employers.The brave new world of job seeking may be different than it was 50, 25 or even five years ago, but applicants willing to adapt and evolve are likely to see promising results in 2015.

HISTORY (26) Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HISTORY (26) Discussion - Essay Example If human suffering had any face then, it would not be incorrect to say that economic monster was there to play that role! I asked him was it caused by banks. He said no. it was mainly caused by stock prices which were experiencing an unusual level of upward increase. Furthermore, he contended that many people had lost their confidence on the economy after the year of 1929. Consequently, they preferred to withdraw their money. I asked him â€Å"Do you believe that it is safe to avoid depositing cash in banks in these days?† He found it difficult to agree with me. He contended that it would be unwise to hold responsible banks for them and putting money in your own custody. Furthermore, he said by putting money at oneself would increase the risk of theft and snatching or robbery. Nowadays, there are more stringent measures on banks and other financial institutions for fund management in comparison with the economic measures of the era of Great Depression when the economic policie s were neither strict nor having a tight control over many aspects of the economic policies. References Romer, Christina. Great Depression. Available at http://www.econ.berkeley.edu/~cromer/great_depression.pdf [Accessed on 09 February, 2011]

Reading Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading Reflection - Essay Example It helps bring out the element of suspicion in the story. When one is reading any literary work, it is necessary for the reader to shift from the real world to the imaginary world where he understands the story better (Guerin, 2005). The title of the book piqued my interest to know what Walter might be doing in the secret world and hiding it away from the real world. In his daydreams, Walter is portrayed as a man of high esteem. It would therefore be necessary for me as the reader to know the secret behind Walters’ high esteem. In the first instance of his daydream, the crew insinuates that the, â€Å"old man will get us through, he is not afraid of hell†. This instance creates an image of a man who is not afraid of situations. It is also interesting to know why other members hold the man in such a high esteem in his group. The scenes portrayed in the daydreams sustain my interest in the story. The first instance of a daydream Walter is a commander, the second daydream he is a famous surgeon attending to a millionaire. The last second daydream Walter is a witness in a courtroom whereas the last instance of a daydream, he is a captain of a warplane. My interest in this story was driven by the desire to know whether Walter wanted to become some of the people described in the daydreams in his real life. ... The reader should account his feelings with certain aspects in the literary work that makes him have the feelings. This approach requires the reader to connect with the story, and assess the insight that the connection with the story brought (David, 1984). It is also paramount for the reader to consider the connection with the story and other stories that he has read. He should then evaluate if the connection added anything new to what he already knew. In this story, there is a connection with the Walter’s day dreaming behavior. The daydreams in this story, which help the reader to connect with the story, enable one to understand the meaning of the story. Walter’s daydreams are all frenzied ranging from flying in the middle of a deadly storm, working with faulty machines in surgery room, as well as facing a firing squad boldly. It is evident that the daydreams may be prompted by the chaos in his life brought about by his relationship with his wife. His wife is portrayed as a person who always quarrels with Walter over one thing or another. The aspect of Walter daydreaming is a means of escaping tribulations in his real life. He wants to escape to a world where he is in control of his own situations. He escapes from the real world to an imaginary world where he is in control of his own affairs. It is however worth to note that his escapism leads him to more troubles. In one instance as he is daydreaming, he is unable to pack the car correctly only to be assisted by the packing attendant. While heading to town with his wife, he daydreams and ends up over speeding the car. His daydreaming behavior also makes him forgetful. He forgets what his wife requested him to buy before they left home. The style of telling the story helps us to

Louis XIVs foreign policy Essay Example for Free

Louis XIVs foreign policy Essay Assess to what extent was Louis XIVs foreign policy less successful after 1684. Up to 1684, Louis XIVs foreign policy had allowed him to acquire strategically important territory which made France more secure. In doing so, he also defended the reputation of the House of Bourbon on the battlefield and thus increased its gloire. However after 1684, his foreign policy enjoyed less success due to a combination of factors. The latter half of Louis reign was marked by two major wars: the Nine Years War and the War of Spanish Succession. Both of these wars emphasized a decline in France after its peak in 1684. For instance, the results of the Nine Years War suggest that France had clearly lost most of the territory gained at the Treaty of Nymegen in 1678. Meanwhile, the War of Spanish Succession did not result in as much success as Louis previous wars. This indicates a less successful foreign policy after 1684. In terms of territory, Louis only real gain was Spain from the War of Spanish Succession. On the other hand, Louis surrendered all possessions gained since Nymegen, with the exception of Strasbourg, such as Trier, Breisach, Philippsburg and most of Lorraine. Plus, the Spanish Empire had to been carved up, with parts of it going to other European powers. These losses imply that Louis no longer possessed a dominating influence over Europe; the North-Eastern border was yet again vulnerable to attacks from other nations. To add insult to injury, France and Spain could not unite to become one country. Prior to 1684, the French had been undefeated since Louis took his majority in 1661. However post-1684, there were several defeats for the French army, most notably at Blenheim in 1704 and Oudenarde in 1708 after which France was invaded. These defeats weakened the gloire of the French army, which had been feared prior to these defeats. Frances gloire was further diminished when the Allies invaded her during 1708 and 1709. These defeats suggest poor leadership and a deteriorating army which no longer held its former feared reputation. Other setbacks include destruction of the French navy at the Battle of Cap de la Hogue in 1692. This ended any chances of restoring James II as King of England. Restoring James would alter the balance of power in Europe in favour of Louis. The balance of power was extremely important because the balance of power had been in favour of France from 1661 1688. Despite these setbacks, both Louis and France were still able to gain some gloire. Firstly, gaining the Spanish Succession implied that the Bourbons had the upper hand in the dynastic struggle with the Hapsburgs. Secondly, although the French were defeated on several occasions, it did win some important battles, namely at Brihuega and Villa Victoba in 1710. Plus, the results of the Treaty of Utrecht suggest that France was still the dominating power in Europe. It would appear that the achievements of the latter half of Louis reign did not match the first half. This is reflected in the French gains in terms of territory and gloire. While the former half of the reign was characterised by territorial acquisitions such as Franche-Comtà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Aire, Ypres, etc, the latter half was highlighted by losing land gained since the Treaty of Nymegen. These losses weakened Frances north-eastern and eastern border, which Louis had worked so hard to protect in the first half of his sovereignty. This loss also meant diminished gloire and reduced hegemony. Compared with the initial half of his reign, Louis appears to achieve less in the second half. This decline can be attributed to a combination of factors. Louis foreign policy before 1684 had created plenty of enemies in Europe, namely England, United Provinces, Spain, Holy Roman Empire and the German Princes. While before the Holy Roman Emperor had to deal with the Turks in the east, Leopold now had a free hand to intervene in the west. Louis foreign policy prior to 1684 had united Europe in hatred of him and France. The Dutch opposed him because he had fought them in the Dutch War, which resulted in sever disruption to Dutch trade. German Princes opposed him because Louis had taken land from them via the Policy of Reunion. Leopold also wanted revenge because Louis had illegally seized Strasbourg. Compared to the beginning of Louis reign, the European balance of power has shifted against France; whereas before there was disunity in Europe, now Europe was unified in hatred of France. This unity is very important because it shifts the balance of power against France. Whereas in previous wars France was able to isolate enemies, now she had to fight against the whole of Europe. Previous wars had used up Frances resources. Even by 1680 France was already in debt. On the other hand, her enemies enjoyed better provisions for finance, for example the William III was able to borrow money at low rates from of interest from the Bank of England. The minister and generals in the latter part of the reign did not have the same standard as at the beginning. This is particularly true of the army; Villeroi and Villars were mere shadows of their predecessors. The Allies, on the contrary, had excellent and able generals such as the Duke of Marlborough, Prince Eugene of Savoy and Heinsius. Whereas before France had the dream team of ministers and army generals, now the Allies have superior personnel. France was further weakened by the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which forced plenty Huguenots to leave the country. This had a devastating effect on the French economy since many of the Huguenots were merchants, industrialists, engineers, etc. Frances loss was the Allies gain as many of these Huguenots moved to Allied countries. As a result, the Allied human resources grew at the expense of France. Although the change in the balance of power in Europe is importantly, ultimately the loss of resources was a more important factor in explaining why France was less successful after 1688. Hugue de Lionne was able to alienate opponents during the War of Devolution and Dutch War, whilst his successors were not able to do that in the Nine Years War or War of Spanish Succession. If French diplomats had been able to alienate opponents, then she wouldnt have had to fight the whole Europe. While Conde and Turenne remained undefeated, Villeroi and Villars suffered frequent defeats in the hands of the Allies. Had the French army stayed undefeated during the Nine Years War and War of Spanish Succession, then no doubt her gains would have been much more than what she actually received. Part of Louis success in the former half of his reign was due the fact that there was a power vacuum in Europe for France to explore. However, by the second half of the reign, that power vacuum had disappeared. Emperor Leopold had dealt with the Turks on his eastern frontier and could turn his full attention onto the west. While Charles II didnt want to be involved in expensive European warfare, there was no question of that after William III became King of England. This suggests that other European countries no longer had internal problems and were able to take part in European affairs. Another reason for the less successful latter half is the foreign policy of the former half of his reign had caused deep resentment and anger from other powers in Europe. Many countries had been offended by French actions; particularly regarding French aggression during the Policy of Reunions. This resulted in them wanting revenge against France. It would appear that Leopolds availability to intervene in the west was a more important factor than other countries wanting revenge against France. Leopold can be seen as Louis nearest contemporary. So, if any nation or coalition was going to match France, then Leopold had to be in it. This can be seen in the Grand Alliance of the Hague. Therefore, one of the main reasons for a less successful foreign policy post-1688 is because of Leopolds availability to intervene in the west. There is a combination of reasons as to why Louis was less successful after 1688. Some reasons are more than important than others; for example, the hatred of France from the Policy of Reunion drove other nations together against France and so the power vacuum, which was there at the beginning of the reign, disappeared. However, ultimately it was the combination of these reasons which caused French foreign policy to be less successful following 1688. Unity in Europe alone wouldnt have stopped French aggression. Similarly loss of French resources alone wouldnt have had as much effect had Europe been in disarray. In conclusion, the foreign policy in the latter half of Louis reign was clearly less successful than pre-1684. In terms of achievements she had secured her status in Europe by acquiring the Spanish Succession, which ensured that she was no longer surrounded by Hapsburgs; Louis had built a Bourbon base in Western Europe which would secure and strengthen both France and Spain. He also left behind a legacy of unprecedented French supremacy during which France was arguably the most powerful country in the world. However, there were failures from his foreign policy as well. The North-Eastern and Eastern frontiers was yet again weakened by the loss of lands which he had worked so hard to acquire before 1684. Furthermore, he left his successor with a Europe united in hatred of France who wanted to curb French power and hegemony.

Essay --

INTRODUCTION Nowadays. Information technology (IT) is a familiar term for the people and the expert. This technology is developing rapidly and introducing in all social fields as well as influencing on all sciences and being affected by the other sciences. All processes and steps of remedial –healthy cares have been depended heavily on management information and its transfer. Information technology is also used increasingly for new medical practices, effective and active management of health cares and medical profession knowledge. In medical profession is necessarily required the informed scientists and intelligent expert having enough knowledge of related matters, comprehensive knowledge of medical devices and its technology as well as information and communication technologies. Medical informatics (data processing ) science which is developing and growing rapidly includes decision making based on the information, therapy display, systematic management, information saving and its retainin g, management system, model identifying and image and signal processing. Expert system is a subdivision of artificial intelligence and an expert system is the one having expertise within a special field and may be applied to that field for decision making and/or helping the expert people for decision making [1]. Expert system is a component of the process for intelligently automation of the processes regarded as artificial intelligence. Once John MC charty created Lisp language in masachoset institute of technology in 1960, it was as the initial step toward an expert system . from that date onward, a variety of expert systems have been developed and applied like CMS, XI-PLUS, ROSIE, OPS5, EMYCIN, EXPERT and so on. An expert system is comprised o... ... beyond the studying of direct relationship and subject not found among the nodes. Maybe the most important problem in giving the network and the most important interests in processing rule were needed to be identified gradually and this need was related to both the knowledge and cognition of small zone parts and the alignment of experts sharing in this study. since the expert did not use these cases for autopsy and interpreting , their clinical reasoning, asking them to say whatever they know was completely vain. Nevertheless, discussing with some special patients with severe diseases and encouraging our colleagues in interpreting the trends and their decisions, some of them who were n’t expert in a field got information about a piece of knowledge of applied environment, that is, personal inferencial realities which an expert regards them in solving the problem[2].

Summarise The Main Development Of A Child

Although the development of each child is unique to the individual, there are certain ‘milestones’ that need to be achieved before a child moves on to the next stage of its development. These milestones, or averages, are used to assess the development of an individual child, all the time recognizing that different children will reach these milestones at different times.There are five defined areas of development that can be observed during childhood and these are physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. I will look at these areas in turn, noting the average milestones that can be expected during the early years.PhysicalIn the first two years of life we see probably the most accelerated physical development in a child’s life. They move from being unable to hold their own head up to being able to walk and run with confidence.When a baby is born it will be very limited in its physical abilities, spending most of its time lying on its back. However by the end of 3 months a baby will begin to lift its own head, kick vigorously and follow the movement of its own hands. By 6 months it will be able to grasp objects, often trying to put them in its mouth. By one year most children will be moving either by rolling, shuffling or crawling (some will even be able to walk unaided by this time).In the second year there will be the further development of mobility skills such as jumping, walking up and down stairs and being able to throw and kick a ball, though they may still lack confidence in catching a ball.Between the ages of 3-5 a child’s physical development will have come on in leaps and bounds – literally! They will be able to run, jump, ride a tricycle, throw and catch a ball, balance, hop and move to music. Their  fine motor skills have developed to the point that their drawings will now resemble the subject.By the age of 8 they will have developed both physically and in confidence so that they will be abl e to jump from a height, ride a bicycle without the aid of stabilisers and will have grown in agility and coordination.IntellectualIn the early months of a new-borns life they will begin to focus on faces and, in time, reach and grasp for objects that are close by. By the time they are 9 months old they will enjoy simple games (such as peek-a-boo) and be amused by more complicated objects. By the end of their first year a child will have begun to imitate those around it and will also be aware of how people react to their moods.Pretend play becomes part of the child’s life by the age of two and will continue in complexity over the coming few years. By three their fine motor skills will have developed to the point where they can hold and control a pencil. Over the next two years their memory and concept of time will develop further and they will begin to recognize letters and numbers, being able to read simple words and count with confidence. For the most part, their inquisitiv eness will know no bounds resulting in numerous questions.From age 6-8 they will gain confidence in their numeracy, literacy and motor skills.LanguageCommunication for a 0-3 month old baby is limited to crying, gurgling and cooing. However over the following few months a baby will learn how to laugh and will begin to imitate sounds they hear. By the age of one they will have begun to understand and respond to simple instructions, and may be using simple words themselves. By the age of 2 a child may be using a limited number of words in speech, however they will understand a great many  more.Between the ages of 3 and 5 a child may experience some frustration in speech as they find it difficult to communicate exactly what they are meaning but they will continue to develop verbally and will become more inquisitive, asking questions and often understanding far more than they speak themselves.By the age of 8 a child will be able to converse at a much more mature level and will have a w ide vocabulary to draw upon.EmotionalThe first signs of emotional development are seen when a baby begins smiling at around 5-6 weeks old. They will often respond to the attention given to them by others with a smile and will enjoy the interaction of another’s voice. However in the second half of the first year a baby will begin to show a distinction between those people they know and those they don’t, often becoming distressed if the main caregiver is not within sight.By the time they are 3 they have become much more aware of their own feelings and why they feel a certain way. And by the age of 5 they are able to hide or control their own feelings and are beginning to understand others’ feelings.Between the ages of 6 and 8 years old a child may become more competitive and assertive. This can lead to more demanding behaviour.SocialFrom birth a baby will learn to adapt and respond to the people around them. They will show pleasure at interactions with others but will probably show a preference for their main caregivers. By the age of two they will enjoy playing with other children but, as with any other skill, they will need to learn how to socialise, for example, learning to share.Over the next few years a child will grow in confidence and will engage much more in social settings – making friends, taking turns and learning to negotiate. They will become much more aware of ‘self’ – their gender and culture – and will be developing a sense of right and wrong.Between the ages of 6 and 8 some children will become very sociable, forming many friendships, sometimes with one particular ‘best friend’, whilst others will step back from social situations, preferring to spend more time alone.Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors, which may influence developmentThe key social factor for any child that can affect its development, both positively and negatively, is that of relationships. A child in a loving and healthy relationship with a parent or primary caregiver will be more able to form healthy relationships with others; they will be in an environment where they can develop better social skills and be more self-confident.The National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (US) states that, â€Å"We have long known that interactions with parents, caregivers, and other adults are important in a child's life, but new evidence shows that these relationships actually shape brain circuits and lay the foundation for later developmental outcomes, from academic performance to mental health and interpersonal skills.† (Centre on the Developing Child, Harvard University: 1)There are a number of ways in which parents or significant caregivers can help to steer the course of a child's development. These include the way a child is nurtured, stimulated and modeled certain behaviours. For example having developed verbal skills will affect a child’s social develo pment. A child whose parents talk to them frequently will likely be better equipped to engage verbally with other children. Babies listen to their parents' conversations even before they can understand language and learn the basics of conversation before they begin speaking. Talking to a child frequently can encourage strong verbal skills, which, in turn, will encourage good social skills.Economic factors can also have a substantial bearing on a child’s development. Factors such as persistent poverty, inadequate house and poor nutrition can all have a detrimental affect on a child’s development.A study by Lisa Harker for Shelter in 2006 found that: ’Achild’shealthygrowthanddevelopmentaredependenton many factors, includingtheimmediateenvironmentin which they live. Research has demonstrated thatchildren’slife chances (the factors thataffecttheircurrent and future well-being) areaffectedbythe standard of their housing.’ (Harker, 2006 : 2) The s tudy goes on to outline the effects that poor housing can have on a child’s health, both mental and physical, education and life chances.Poor nutrition is another threat to a child’s continued development. Poor diet during early development (0-3yrs) can lead to learning and memory deficits, lower IQ and school achievement, and behavioural problems in childhood (Mcgregor, (1995), Lui et al, 2005 : 3). Children also require a varied environment in which to interact and explore. Actively engaging all of their senses stimulates brain cells and encourages growth. Therefore stimulation with appropriate toys and equipment in early childhood can have a significant impact on the child’s development.Describe children’s overall development needs.To progress in such a way that a child will reach the majority of their developmental milestones within a given timeframe a child needs, first and foremost, a positive loving relationship with a significant adult(s). This ad ult will provide for the basic physiological needs of the child (appropriate healthy nutrition, human touch and shelter), the safety needs of the child (keeping him/her safe from dangers in the immediate environment, safe from abusive relationships and making sure the child has access to appropriate health care) and the social needs of the child (unconditional love, room to explore and play and interact with other children and adults and giving them a sense of a place to belong). These foundational building blocks, which the significant adult puts in place in a child’s life, pave the way for a child to be able to develop further in all five of the defined areas of development.

Roe V Wade and Doe V Bolton

Justin Frazer Dr. Bryce Jones BSAD 234 4/10/13 Abortion is a hot debate topic. So naturally, it has generated many disputes and court cases. Two of the most famous and definitive court cases regarding abortion are Roe v Wade and Doe v Bolton. Both of these cases were ruled on at the same time. Both cases resulted in landmark decisions that would change how many states were allowed to regulate abortion. These rulings also help put into view the line between law and morals. Roe v Wade Jane Roe† was actually a pseudonym for the plaintiff, Norma McCorvey. She used this for protection and also to emphasize that she was fighting for all pregnant women. The defendant was Henry Wade, district attorney for Dallas County, Texas. McCorvey’s claim was that the Texas abortion law, passed in 1859, violated her constitutional rights. Backstory: Norma McCorvey, age 21, became pregnant in 1969. She did not want to continue with her pregnancy, as her marriage had failed and her first daug hter was in the care of her mother and stepfather.As previously stated, Texas passed a law in 1869 preventing all abortion, excluding cases in which the woman’s life was in danger. She met Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, two attorneys who were interested in changing the abortion law. There were two issues standing in the way: McCorvey might not have standing because the abortion law only applied to women who performed abortions, not to those who needed them. The second issue was if she passed the point in her pregnancy where it was safe to perform an abortion, the case would become irrelevant.Their argument: in a previous case, Griswold v Connecticut, Justice William O. Douglas interpreted the Ninth Amendment to mean that any rights not explicitly granted to the government were retained by the people; previously it had been taken to mean that those rights were retained by the states. At the time of this case, this meant that all previously banned contraceptives between cou ples were now legal. Weddington and Coffee could argue that this â€Å"right to privacy,† as Douglas defined, should also be applied to abortion.The first reply from Assistant D. A. John Tolle, defending D. A. Wade, claimed exactly what they had expected: â€Å"Jane Roe† had no standing since the law only affected women who performed abortions. An anonymous affidavit from McCorvey submitted to a three-judge panel on May 22, 1970, stated that she wanted to terminate her pregnancy due to â€Å"the economic hardship which pregnancy entailed and because of the social stigma attached to the bearing of illegitimate children. At the hearing, Weddington argued on Roe’s standing to sue, as well as the constitutionality of the abortion statute (on the grounds of the First, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments). After the defense argued for the unborn fetus as a child, a life, Weddington brought up the issue of the impossibility to define when â€Å"life† begins (which is still one of the main arguments between pro-life and pro-choice advocates). Finally, Tolle argued that right of a child was more important than the woman’s previously stated â€Å"right to privacy. However, the three judges found that the Texas abortion laws were unconstitutional by depriving rights dictated by the Ninth Amendment. Since this only declared the law unconstitutional and did not prevent the enforcing of the law, the plaintiffs then appealed to the Supreme Court. In October 1972, the plaintiffs and the defendants made their cases as they had before. Several things played into the Court’s following decision: the ruling of Eisenstadt v Baird, which made it legal for unmarried persons to use birth control.This solidified Weddington’s argument for the right to privacy in the Ninth Amendment; that individuals have the right to be free from government intervention in matters such as whether or not to have a child. Second, Justice Harry Blackmun, afte r reviewing the abortion statutes, ruled that they were no longer valid because they were put in place due to the dangers of abortion; this was no longer an issue, as abortion was just as safe as childbirth in the present time. Concerning the rights of the unborn as a child, Blackmun found that nowhere in theConstitution or Bill of Rights (specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment) a â€Å"person† includes the unborn. The final ruling: the abortion decision must be left to the judgment of the woman’s doctor in the first trimester. In the second trimester, the state may â€Å"regulate the abortion procedure in ways that are reasonably valid to maternal health. † After that, the state can regulate or stop the abortion. Summary Norma McCorvey wanted an abortion, but could not obtain would since it was illegal in her state, Texas.Most states at the time had abortion statutes in place proscribing abortion. She, under the alias â€Å"Jane Roe,† and the two attorne ys representing her, Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, filed a suit against the county of Dallas on the grounds that the abortion laws violated a woman’s right to choose under the â€Å"right to privacy,† interpreted in the Ninth Amendment in the previous case Connecticut v Griswold. The district court ruled in favor of â€Å"Roe,† basing judgment upon the Ninth Amendment.This ruling did not prevent the enforcement of the abortion laws; rather, it merely stated that they were unconstitutional. McCorvey and her attorneys, now not only representing â€Å"Jane Roe† as a person, but as all women, appealed directly to the Supreme Court. On the opposing side, there was the fact that the state believed they had the responsibility to protect the life of the unborn child. The argument against that was this: â€Å"when does life really start? † It could be said that life doesn’t begin until after the child is born; not when it is still a fetus.This r eally sparked this debate that still goes on today. Justice Harry Blackmun found that, after reviewing the Constitution and Bill of Rights, the Founding Fathers never explicitly put the unborn with the â€Å"persons† protected under our nation’s documents. However, he said that this was not absolute. He said that, though he agreed that the Ninth Amendment encompassed a woman’s right to choose whether or not to terminate her pregnancy, the right to choose was also not absolute.So, they came to a compromise: during the first trimester of a pregnancy, abortion was legal, but at the judgment of the woman’s doctor (which has changed since then). During the second trimester, the state could regulate abortions in a way that is related to maternal health. During the third trimester, the state could proscribe abortions. The general rule was that if the fetus is able to live outside the womb (with artificial aid), which was typically at about 28 weeks, then the wom an no longer has a right to an abortion. This entire case and the decisions that were made is a landmark in our history.It has sparked much debate and divided many people into â€Å"pro-life† and â€Å"pro-choice† groups. Doe v Bolton A companion case to Roe v Wade, Doe v Bolton was an abortion case that happened in Georgia around the same time (decision on the same day) that its Texas counterpart did. Much like other states with abortion laws, Georgia only allowed abortion if: the pregnancy was a danger to the woman’s life by judgment of a licensed physician, the fetus was in danger of being born with a serious defect, or if the abortion was a product of rape ( § 26-1202(a)).The woman wanting an abortion also had to qualify for the following conditions, defined under  § 26-1202(b) of Georgia Criminal Code: â€Å"the abortion [is to] be performed in a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, the procedure be approved by the hospital staff abortion committee, and the performing physician's judgment be confirmed by independent examinations of the patient by two other licensed physicians. † Sandra Cano, a mother of three, did not meet any of these conditions. Under the pseudonym â€Å"Mary Doe,† she and her attorney, Margie Pitts Hames, sued Arthur K.Bolton, the Attorney General for Georgia. Their claim was that the abortion statute of Georgia was unconstitutional. Like â€Å"Roe,† the three-judge panel of the district court found that Doe did, in fact, have standing in this issue. They ruled that the first three conditions ( § 26-1202(a)) listed above were unconstitutional, but they upheld the medical approval and residency requirements. In addition, like Roe v Wade, they merely provided that the section of the law was unconstitutional; they did not give any injunction against enforcing the law.This is called declaratory relief. The plaintiffs then appealed directly to the Supreme Court, like Roe and her attorneys. The arguments and counter-arguments were all the same as in Roe v Wade. The Court found that the three conditions in section 26-1202(b) were unconstitutional. They found that the JCAH accreditation requirement did not pertain to the woman’s right, and did not reasonably relate to the abortion statute. The two conditions requiring the abortion to be approved by a committee and by two other physicians were found to not serve the woman’s health in any way.The committee condition violated the woman’s â€Å"right to receive medical care† from her physician, and the two-doctor condition violated the physician’s â€Å"right to practice. † These conditions were struck down. Justice Blackmun, mentioned in the previous case, said that Roe v Wade and Doe v Bolton must be read together. The former allowed the states to proscribe abortion in the third trimester. However, Doe v Bolton added that the abortion could still be allowed if it was a matter of the woman’s health, in the opinion of the woman’s doctor.This is essentially a loophole around the â€Å"viability† requirement of the ruling of Roe v Wade. Doe v Bolton and Roe v Wade together struck down state abortion laws and struck up heated debates. These were the first real challenges regarding abortion in the United States. Both declared abortion a constitutional right. Summary Sandra Cano (â€Å"Mary Doe†) and attorney Margie Pitts Hames sued the state of Georgia for its unconstitutional abortion statute. The district court found they had standing, but like Roe v Wade, they gave them only declaratory, not injunctive, relief.The plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court for broader relief. Georgia’s Criminal Code, section 26-1202(b), stated that in addition to the requirements to receive an abortion that a woman must be in danger from the pregnancy, the child must be in danger of severe defect from birth, or the pregnancy being a result of rape, any woman wanting an abortion had to receive one in a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, she had to receive permission of two physicians other than her own, and the decision must also be approved by a hospital committee.The Court struck all of these requirements as unconstitutional. Additionally, the Court ruled that a woman may obtain an abortion after â€Å"viability† (as defined in Roe v Wade) if it was necessary to preserve her health. Along with its companion case, Roe v Wade, the decision was made on January 22, 1973, that abortion was a constitutional right.

13 Funny Thanksgiving Quotes to Keep Fights Off the Table

13 Funny Thanksgiving Quotes to Keep Fights Off the Table Thanksgiving is a time for families to get together, share snippets from their lives and enjoy the company of their dear ones. But what if your Thanksgiving becomes a time for family fights, shouting matches, complaints, and one-upping competition? If you have invited guests over for a Thanksgiving dinner, you can help break the ice with some funny words. However, if you crack jokes about a persons gender, color, or nationality, you may offend some people. The best way to keep the mirth flowing is to use funny words of the famous. Use these quotes smartly and you will have a room full of laughter. Enjoy the warmth of the Thanksgiving holiday with a round of humor. Louie Anderson At Thanksgiving, my mom always makes too much food, especially one item, like 700 or 800 pounds of sweet potatoes. Shes got to push it during the meal. Did you get some sweet potatoes? Theres sweet potatoes. Theyre hot. Theres more in the oven, some more in the garage. The rest are at the Johnsons. Berke Breathed, Bloom County Dear Lord, Ive been asked, nay commanded, to thank Thee for the Christmas turkey before us- a turkey which was no doubt a lively, intelligent bird, a social being, capable of actual affection, nuzzling its young with almost human-like compassion. Anyway, its dead and were gonna eat it. Mitch Hedberg I hate turkeys. If you stand in the meat section at the grocery store long enough, you start to get mad at turkeys. Theres turkey ham, turkey bologna, turkey pastrami. Someone needs to tell the turkey, man, just be yourself. Tony Snow If you think Independence Day is Americas defining holiday, think again. Thanksgiving deserves that title, hands-down. Alistair Cooke It has been an unchallengeable American doctrine that cranberry sauce, a pink goo with overtones of sugared tomatoes, is a delectable necessity of the Thanksgiving board and that turkey is uneatable without it. Phyllis Diller It took me three weeks to stuff the turkey. I stuffed it through the beak. Aaron Neville Its a thanksgiving to God. Its something I have wanted to do for a long time, but the record company wasnt ready for it. So I did it myself. Marilu Henner Its better to pace yourself throughout a big day like Thanksgiving by having something healthful for breakfast and something light for lunch. Rita Rudner Most turkeys taste better the day after; my mothers tasted better the day before. Ted Allen My whole problem is that all of my favorite things at Thanksgiving are the starches, and everyone is trying to go low-carb this year, even a green vegetable has carbs in it. David Letterman Thanksgiving is the day when you turn to another family member and say, How long has Mom been drinking like this? My mom, after six Bloody Marys looks at the turkey and goes, Here, kitty, kitty. Jim Gaffigan Thanksgiving. Its like we didnt even try to come up with a tradition. The tradition is, we overeat. Hey, how about at Thanksgiving we just eat a lot? But we do that every day! Oh. What if we eat a lot with people that annoy the hell out of us? David Letterman When I was a kid in Indiana, we thought it would be fun to get a turkey a year ahead of time and feed it and so on for the following Thanksgiving. But by the time Thanksgiving came around, we sort of thought of the turkey as a pet, so we ate the dog. Only kidding. It was the cat.

5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists

5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists 5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists 5 Rules for Using Logic to Order Lists By Mark Nichol At least five factors dictate how items in an in-line list a series of items within a paragraph, as opposed to a vertical list are organized. (See an earlier post about in-line lists.) It’s all about the context: alphabetization, chronology, complexity, interrelationship, or sequence. (Guess which context I chose for the preceding sentence.) 1. â€Å"Our shop specializes in teak, ebony, and mahogany furniture.† The store may stock more teak than ebony and more ebony than mahogany, or the order may reflect relative prices, but the sentence does not explicitly or implicitly express either idea. In such ambiguous cases, alphabetical order is an appropriate default setting: â€Å"Our shop specializes in ebony, mahogany, and teak furniture.† 2. â€Å"The major US wars of the nineteenth century were the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, and the War of 1812.† The presentation of information in this sentence does not justify the order in which the list items are given. If it specifically referred to the relative cost in human lives or in dollars, for example, then the sequence would follow that theme, but in the absence of an obvious context, reference to historical events should be chronological: â€Å"The major US wars of the nineteenth century were the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, and the Civil War.† 3. â€Å"Among his favorite musical pastimes are drumming in a world music ensemble, yodeling, and playing the harpsichord.† Again, absent a contextual framework for a list, it’s best to impose order. In this case, the somewhat amorphous descriptions don’t readily admit an alphabetical scheme, so perhaps, for euphony, the items should be arranged from simplest to most complex in terms of syllabication: â€Å"Among his favorite musical pastimes are yodeling, playing the harpsichord, and drumming in a world music ensemble.† 4. â€Å"It is allowed in some countries, forbidden in a few, and tolerated in others.† This list describes three degrees of tolerance for a certain policy, so the items should be listed in an ascending or descending order: â€Å"It is allowed in some countries, tolerated in others, and forbidden in a few.† 5. â€Å"Take a look at the map, and you will see that Scandinavia consists of Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden.† Without the reference to the map, this sentence could be organized by any one of several schemes, including alphabetical order, geographical location, and relative size. But because speakers of English generally read left to right, and maps are usually oriented to the north, a west-to-east organizational scheme seems most appropriate: â€Å"Take a look at the map, and you will see that Scandinavia consists of Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.† (OK, Denmark’s westernmost point is slightly to the east of Norway’s, but would you separate the twins Norway and Sweden?) These contexts are not always mutually exclusive: In a sentence like â€Å"The Olympic medals are gold, silver, and bronze,† the scheme could be described as one of interrelationship (gold is more valuable than silver, which is more valuable than bronze) or sequence (gold is for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place). But that’s not the point; the idea is to provide some framework any framework for a list so as not to distract the reader. Sometimes, a list’s lineup is determined more by tradition than anything else: â€Å"The original Three Stooges consisted of Moe, Larry, and Curly.† Moe was the leader of the group, but there’s no reason to mention Larry before Curly rather than the other way around except that it seems to trip off the tongue more easily that way. Sometimes, that’s as good a reason as any. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions50 Synonyms for "Assistant"Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment - Essay Example 99.03 98.98 98.65 Technology SPDR (ETF) 34.82 34.58 34.69 34.66 34.58 SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust 180.94 178.94 179.73 179.75 180.53 GE 26.94 26.45 26.64 26.56 26.66 eBay 52.01 51.41 51.09 51.93 51.35 AAPL 560.02 567.9 565 566.32 551.23 Cimarex shrank in value from $98.65 per share on Monday to $95.95 by week’s end. But if the investment game had commenced at the recent low of $64.99 in June 28, capital gain would have been a very satisfying +47.6% before transaction charges and taxes. SPY (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust) was moribund that week as market sentiment held back the ETF to trade between $178.94 and $180.94. Hence, devoting the lion’s share of the training investment in SPY did little good at all as the stock closed the week a measly 0.2% up for the week. Nonetheless, its beta of 0.92 at last count suggested that the ETF is not as volatile as the market as a whole. Apple is a long-term hold, beloved of institutional buyers and pension fund managers. The closing price of $ 560.68 when the simulation game ended on Friday, Dec. 6, corresponded to a market cap of $503.871 billion. This despite founder Steve Jobs having passed away in late 2011, two years now, and no seriously new breakthrough products in the same timespan (Thomson Reuters 1). Chairman/CEO Tim Cook is not the visionary that Steve Jobs was. Even as he languished in his deathbed, the latter had engineered a long-term run-up in the stock price with the cash cow iPod line, energized the world with the launch of the iPhone, and brought down the moribund desktop PC industry with the iPad tablet PC. Anyone holding the stock in late 2004 (the aforementioned pension funds that are loathe to sell AAPL) would have ridden the dizzying rise of the stock from $11.36 in February 2004 to $560.02 (a 48-fold gain) on the... The paper tells that during the gaming period in question, Apple and eBay did in fact record the best capital gains of 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively. Apple was once again on a roll this week. It approves that Apple is a long-term hold, beloved of institutional buyers and pension fund managers. The closing price of $560.68 when the simulation game ended on Friday, Dec. 6, corresponded to a market cap of $503.871 billion. This despite founder Steve Jobs having passed away in late 2011, two years now, and no seriously new breakthrough products in the same timespan. According to the paper at the end of week, loading the portfolio with SPY. GE, eBay and Cimarex turned out to be too conservative and defensive a strategy. In retrospect, SPY was too cautious in approximating the performance of the S&P 500. Though ETF’s have much lower expense ratios, no investment minimums, are taxed less and grant option and short-selling opportunities, the lesson learned is that minimizing risk with diversification works but rewards the patient investor over a long bull market. On the other hand, AAPL contributed tremendously to portfolio gains because management was clearly bent on continuing its 18-month run of unleashing quarterly dividends as never before in the last ten years. The object lesson: the intrinsic value of a market leader that has had a two-generation love affair with its upscale markets beats ETF’s and industrials when market sentiment is mixed, as it has been since mid-2007, the start of the Great Recession.

The Literary analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Literary analysis - Essay Example Some of the things that the soldiers from the platoon Alpha Company carried with them from the war were material things while others were mental. The mental issues such as fear and guilt that they carried from the actions that they did during the war are the focus of the book with a keen eye being on the death and life. Most stories in the book are not definite as having a resolution except only when a character dies inclining that the anecdotes used to not help in illustrating closure for either of the platoon Alpha Company. The only true representation is that the death of a soldier at the war had a significant impact on the life of those that survived making it to be a worthy war story. With this overview, this essay will delve into the literary analysis of this text by making a personal claim about the impact of the book and its relevance to readers by highlighting what is either valuable or not within the same. Additionally, the essay will also suggest the context that readers should consider as they read it and explain about the place of O’Brien’s book in modern literature. According to O’Brien, it is not easy to narrate a war story but fictional writing can be used to immortalize the dead, which can be valuable to the readers as it helps in understanding the narratorâ₠¬â„¢s past, present and future if they were involved in war. In the initial pages of the book, the narrator starts by explaining some of the material things that the soldiers came with from Vietnam that they considered them to be what used to make life bearable for them there. Some of these physical things included lighters, cigarettes, chewing gum, bible, Kool-Aid, condoms, while another carried pond cake and peaches among a list of other items (O’Brien 2). The emotions of the narrator are triggered from time to time through the thoughts of death of fellow officer Lavender, which

Review Questions 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review Questions 9 - Essay Example It turns into a binding contract when assented by the associated parties (Orford 2005). There must be an individual, clearly stated offer to do something. For instance: A reference by sub-contractor to the chief contractor and an offer to rent. An offer lapses when the time for acceptance expires; if the offer is withdrawn prior the receipt; or subsequently a reasonable time in the circumstances (typically the bigger the value of the contract, the lengthier the life of the offer Just what is offered can be accepted. It implies that the offer must be accepted precisely as offered without conditions. In the event, that any new terms are proposed this is viewed as a counter offer that can be accepted or rejected. There could be various offers and counter offers before having a consensus. It is regardless of who makes the last offer, and it is the acceptance of that offer that brings the transactions to an end by creating the terms and conditions of the agreement. Acceptance can be given verbally, in written, or surmised by activity that unmistakably shows acceptance that is the execution of the contract). Overall, the acceptance must acclimate with the method endorsed by the offerer for it to be effective. A contract obliges that the parties expect to go into a legitimately binding assention. That is, the parties going into the agreement must plan to make lawful relations and must comprehend that the agreement can be authorized by law. For a contract to be tying, it must be upheld by profitable thought. That is one collaborate guarantees to do something consequently for an assurance from the other party to give an advantage of quality (the consideration). Consideration is what each partner provides for other as the agreed cost for others promise. Typically, the consideration is the installment of cash however, it require not be; it can be anything of worth the installment does not have to be a

Internal Audit Example of Educational Institution

Internal Audit Example of Educational Institution Internal Auditing – Cass Business School Question 1 Control Environment The attitude and actions of the board and management regarding the significance of control within the organization. The control environment provides the discipline and structure for the achievement of the primary objectives of the system of internal control. List and discuss the methods that the management of Cass Business School might use to encourage and develop an effective control environment. Cass Business School is one of the leading schools for business research in London. Being in a thriving cosmopolitan and commercial business centre, the school seems to have a strategic and business advantage and can test its theoretical approaches against practical realities. The school focuses on a rigorous research practice combined with a productive and dynamic relationship with business groups and academic organisations (Cass report 2005). In areas of finance, Cass Business School is known for its contributions to financial markets, money and banking, real estate finance, investment and risk management, strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship, Governance and pay, e-business, international business, voluntary sector management, pensions, life insurance, health insurance, reliability and dependability of computer based systems. In this discussion, we highlight the importance of effective internal control that can provide discipline and structure for achievement of primary objectives within the organisation. The control environment of an organisation includes the following elements: Organizational structure. Managements philosophy and operating style. Integrity and ethical values. Assignment of authority and responsibility. Human resource policies and practices. Competence of personnel. The success of an organisation in developing an effective management structure depends largely on its mission, aims and objectives. The mission of the school is to carry out multidisciplinary research in corporate governance issues which can be applicable at National, European and Global levels. The set of research objectives translated into research themes address specific dimensions of corporate governance process. Corporate governance and organisational performance are closely associated as appointment of high level officials defining internal control actually has an impact on the market performance of a company. The operating style and key activities of the management of the school include: Conducting funded research to produce scholarly publications and reports for policy makers and for practitioners; recruiting post graduates and research students to research on various research themes in management; organising workshops and conferences to promote and disseminate research findings within the school’s RD department; and also contributing to public debates on business strategies and Corporate Governance to improve the image and reputation of the school’s research faculties. As a strategic plan of infrastructure development, the school replaced all previous methods of assessment of students by building a new central computerised database for IT management, and new infrastructure. Organisational structure and assignment of responsibility and authority to board members is a mechanism of internal control and appointment of executive and non-executive directors tend to have a direct impact on the market as the main hypothesis in this case is that since appointments are driven by the financial situation of the company, it is expected that market reactions would be positive to the appointment of non-executive directors to the board and negative for executive directors (Cass report, 2005). The market valuation of appointment of board members defining the control environment is an essential measure of governance and the balance scorecard gives a detailed picture of the performance of a particular company and its use in improving corporate and internal control environment of an organisation. For developing an effective control environment, a close knit board with a clear strategic approach can be recommended. Question 2 The chief audit executive should effectively manage the internal audit activity to ensure it adds value to the organization. (Standard 2000) Critically discuss the potential benefits that internal auditing might bring to Cass Business School. You should consider both financial and non-financial benefits in your answer. Internal auditing has emerged as a distinct profession with its own philosophy, principles and practice. Managerial communities without internal audit systems also lack a proper operating control system (Beale and Bradford, 1993). To minimise work errors, impropriety as business organisations and to audit work omissions, internal auditing is necessary and standards for professional Practice of Internal Auditing have been established along with a code of ethics and statement of responsibilities for internal auditors. The chief audit executive determines the course of an audit system in an organisation. The role of internal and external auditing in serving shareholders and board of directors in different communities has been highlighted in mergers and acquisitions as also the potential role of internal auditors in strategic management (Melville, 2003). There are significant changes in the roles and mission of external and internal auditors and in their activities in consultancy, risk management and governance to investigate the contributions of audit to organisations and stakeholders. The role of the external audit firms, including providing tax advice to clients as well as research into the implications of legislation and regulations are also important strategic considerations. Senior security management standards and effective controlling of their IT infrastructure are issues within IT governance and drawing up a critical infrastructure. Research concerning internal audit results has to consider whether these results have any predictive value relative to actual company outcomes. In this context the internal auditor’s role in assessing and contributing to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability are one of the key issues for senior management. The focus of internal auditing has been redefined to address consultative, risk and assurance activities. The need for further research in these areas to evaluate actual and potential role of internal audit can be emphasised to understand its potential benefits (Ruskin and Estes, 1984). The financial benefits of internal auditing for Cass Business School are increased contributions to stakeholders and directors and improved analysis of mergers and acquisitions. The non-financial benefits include risk management analysis, corporate governance reports, predicting performance outcomes and effective control of IT and strategic management systems. Question 3 The internal audit activity should assist the organization by identifying and evaluating significant exposures to risk and contributing to the improvement of risk management and control systems. (Standard 2110) List and describe the key risks in Cass Business Schools financial and non-financial systems. In its report on corporate governance and corporate performance, Cass Business School emphasised the linkages of governance and performance and examined the role of the board of directors in mitigating firms’ agency costs and also in creating shareholder value. The hypothesis put forward was that a large proportion of non-executive directors and chairman and CEO will over-perform in terms of rates of return and stock returns whereas companies with boards dominated by insiders will tend to under-perform. Internal and external control mechanisms such as managerial ownership, bondholders, block ownership and market for corporate control have to be taken into consideration while measuring corporate performance and this is mainly reflected in annual reports of companies. Other factors of corporate governance are important as are identification of the risks, roles and responsibilities of governance (Helliar et al, 2000). Risk management is at the centre of decision making processes in organisations at all levels and research into the different ways of assessing, managing and reporting risks within the organisations and reporting risks to outside stakeholders for achieving benefits is important within the context of management and board responsibilities. Hallikas et al (2002) provide a conceptual framework for risk analysis in networking for a company and note that to analyse and assess the risks associated with networking, either internal audit or computer aided cause and effect analysis can be used as tools for analysis of risks. Considering these factors, in the study of Cass Business School the key risks in financial and non-financial systems seem to be High and increasing tuition fees, increased competition from other schools, legal actions, and internal conflicts between members. However there is a risk management methodology and the Risk Management University Council has agreed to this risk management process. For several years the University has scored the relevant risks for each risk management strategy as to impact and likelihood using a defined scale. The control environment around the high-scoring risks has been reviewed. Question 4 Based on the results of the risk assessment, the internal audit activity should evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of controls encompassing the organizations governance, operations, and information systems. These include: Reliability and integrity of financial and operational information. Effectiveness and efficiency of operations. Safeguarding of assets. Compliance with laws, regulations, and contracts. (Standard 2120.A1) For each risk identified in Question 3, identify the potential impact of control weaknesses and recommend appropriate controls that might reduce the impact of the threat. Give reasons for your recommendations. Within the Cass Business school management system, the annual report states that risk management Council has agreed to risk management methodology and processes and risks of the University are defined in the methodology. The University has reviewed its corporate risk register and has consolidated risks that have a high impact and likelihood score and has also reviewed the control environment for high scoring risks. The university council receives regular reports on progress of risk management implementation and within each school a risk register exists with each risk scored against a defined scale. There are future School plans to integrate risk reviews in the University’s general management and planning process. Bainbridge and Paul (1986) have effectively related control objectives with internal audit systems. In case of ineffective internal auditing, with unreliable financial information and flaws in accounting, complete transparency of financial data might help to overcome the weaknesses considerably. In case of inefficiency of operations and control, a strong project management approach and board internal control is suggested. The measurement and appraisal of intangible assets, especially human capital as a key factor of wealth creation is a key objective for improving organisational effectiveness. Safeguarding of company or organisational assets is possible through stakeholder or director support as well as general corporate performance and in this case, the overall annual performance of the school which is required to show financial profits. Compliance with laws and regulations can improve credibility and appropriate company objectives and codes of ethics and practice as well as strict management guidelines should be put forward. Bibliography Relating audit and internal control objectives: A missing step in specifying compliance tests Journal of Accounting Education, Volume 4, Issue 2, Autumn 1986, Pages 63-74 D. Raymond Bainbridge, John W. Paul The effects of information order and hypothesis-testing strategies on auditors judgments Accounting, Organizations and Society, Volume 14, Issues 5-6, 1989, Pages 471-479 Jane L. Butt, Terry L. Campbell Chan, K. C.; Chen, C. R.; Steiner, T. L. Production in Finance Literature, Institutional Reputation, and Labor Mobility in Academia: A Global Perspective, Financial Management, (2002) 31(4) pp131-156 Risk analysis and assessment in network environments: A dyadic case study International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 78, Issue 1, 1 July 2002, Pages 45-55 Jukka Hallikas, Veli-Matti Virolainen and Markku Tuominen Internalization versus externalization of the internal audit function: an examination of professional and organizational imperatives Accounting,Organizations and Society, Volume 26, Issues 7-8, October-November 2001, Pages 617-641 Larry Rittenberg and Mark A. Covaleski Managing the internal audit A practical handbook, : by Ian Beale and Roy H Bradford (1993), Kogan Page Computer Law Security Report, Volume 9, Issue 4, July-August 1993, Page 154 Internal vs. external IT audits — or — Mapping out a war zone? Computers Security, Volume 14, Issue 5, 1995, Pages 419-420 Doc Farmer and S. G. Warburg Internal Audits Metal Finishing, Volume 98, Issue 11, November 2000, Pages 73-78 Leslie W. Flott Evidence of agency conflict among management, auditors, and the audit committee chair Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Volume 9, Issue 4, Winter 1990, Pages 271-292 Susan Haka and Peter Chalos UK AUDITORS PERCEPTIONS OF INHERENT RISK, The British Accounting Review, Volume 28, Issue 1, March 1996, Pages 45-72 CHRISTINE HELLIAR, BOB LYON, GARY S. MONROE, JULIANA NG and DAVID R. WOODLIFF Melville, R., (2003)  The contribution of internal audit to corporate strategy.  International Journal of Auditing Volume 7Issue 3Page 209 November 2003 M. Page and L. Spira, The Turnbull Report, Internal Control and Risk Management: The Developing Role of Internal Audit, The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Edinburgh (2004) The project management audit: Its role and conduct Engineering Management International, Volume 2, Issue 4, July 1984, Pages 279-286 Arnold M. Ruskin, W. Eugene Estes Sawyer, Lawrence B.  Sawyer’s internal auditing: the practice of†¦enlarged/Lawrence B. Sawyer, assited by Glenn.E. Sumners  3rd edition, retitled, rev and enl Altamonte Springs, Fla: Institute of Internal Auditors, 1988   Sawyer, Lawrence B.  Elements of management oriented auditing   Institute of Internal Auditors Inc 1983 Sawyer, Lawrence B.  The practice of modern internal auditing / Lawrence B.Sawyer  2nd ed. Rev. and enl Altamonte Springs, Fla: Institute of Internal Auditors, 1981  www.cass.city.uk

piagets early adulthood stage :: essays research papers

Marshall is a twenty-three year old male in the early adulthood stage of development. He has been married for almost a year now and has a 6-month-old child. He and his wife have recently bought their first home. He us almost finished with his bachelor’s degree in banking and finance. He is taking a few classes while also working a high stress full-time job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as physical development, he is in good health. He may be a few pounds overweight because he has become more sedentary since he has been in school full-time and working full-time. He has no substance problems in fact, he has never smoked a cigarette, drank alcohol, or tried any drugs is his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his cognitive development, he has attended five years of college and will graduate this may with a degree in banking and finance. According to John Holland, Marshall is a person of conventional personality. Holland says that Marshall’s personality type like well-structured tasks and values material possessions and social status, which are traits well suited for his finance career. He seems to be some like the conventional personality but mostly his personality falls more in the enterprising category. He is adventurous, persuasive, and a strong leader. So he is definitely a blend of these two personality types.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In emotional development, Marshall seems to have mastered Erikson’s intimacy versus isolation conflict. He has a healthy marriage, and many other close relationships such as friends, family, and coworkers. Marshall also follows Levinson’s early adulthood stage with dreams for his life. His dreams are mostly individualistic and he sees his wife as a supporter of his goals and a primary caregiver for the children. Marshall’s marriage is considered a traditional marriage according to the text, where his wife does the housework and cares for him and the children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marshall had made the transition to parenthood quite well. He had some maturing to do and realizing that his needs no longer came before someone else’s.